Schmallenberg virus gets its name from the German, Winterberg, where the virus was first identified in cattle in November 2011. After testing ruled out various other illnesses, the orthobunyavirus (Schmallenberg virus) was identified by metagenomic analysis and virus isolation of infected cattle in Germany.

The Schmallenberg virus is related to the Simbu serogroup viruses, in particular Shamonda, Akabane, and Aino virus.

So far, research confirms that the virus is vector-borne, spread by insects, mainly flies/ midges.

The virus affects cattle, bison, sheep and goats. To date (February 2011), the disease has mostly been recognised in small ruminants around the time of partuition, with offspring showing signs of brain damage or malformations.

There is no risk to human health, says the OIE.

More information here >> A bovine fetus with deformed joints (arthrogryposis) due to Schmallenberg viral infection.

Affected lamb born with fixed flexed forelimbs and abnormal overlong fixed hindlimbs.

Lamb born dead with arthrogryposis, showing a twisted spine and abnormally flexed deformed legs.